![]() ![]() Edmund Randolph's Virginia Plan called for a bicameral Congress: the lower house would be "of the people", elected directly by the people of the United States and representing public opinion, and a more deliberative upper house, elected by the lower house, that would represent the individual states, and would be less susceptible to variations of mass sentiment. Historical graph of party control of the Senate and House as well as the presidency Ĭongress's structure was a contentious issue among the founders during the convention. Other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof. The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol. ![]() The House also has exclusive powers: it initiates all revenue bills, impeaches federal officers, and elects the president if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills those that are also passed by the Senate are sent to the president for consideration. Six states have only one representative: Alaska, Delaware, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming. As of the 2020 census, the largest delegation was California, with 52 representatives. A non-voting Resident Commissioner, serving a four-year term, represents the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa. In addition, five non-voting delegates represent the District of Columbia and the U.S. However, the number was temporarily increased in 1959 until 1963 to 437 when Alaska and Hawaii were admitted to the Union. ![]() The Reapportionment Act of 1929 capped the size of the House at 435. Since 1913, the number of voting representatives has been at 435 pursuant to the Apportionment Act of 1911. Since its inception in 1789, all representatives have been directly elected, although universal suffrage did not come to effect until after the passage of the 19th Amendment and the Civil Rights Movement. The House is composed of representatives who, pursuant to the Uniform Congressional District Act, sit in single member congressional districts allocated to each state on the basis of population as measured by the United States Census, with each district having one representative, provided that each state is entitled to at least one. The House's composition was established by Article One of the United States Constitution. Together, they comprise the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. ![]()
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